Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM), an emerging technology in biodiversity monitoring, exhibited considerable potential for research in avian ecology and conservation. The prevailing technical framework for PAM primarily originates from developed nations in Europe and the United States; consequently, its application within our country’s nature reserves faces challenges in adequately supporting land and spatial planning, ecological red-line oversight, and the management policies of national parks. This paper systematically examines the theoretical basis, methodological evolution, and comprehensive evaluation system of PAM technology. By comparing the diff erences and complementarities between traditional bird survey methods and PAM at the population and community monitoring levels, the signifi cant advantages of PAM in terms of time continuity, species detection rate, and cost-eff ectiveness are revealed. Based on the systematic review of existing international norms and related literature, this paper systematically summarizes the key points of core monitoring objectives, equipment deployment points, equipment deployment objectives, sound quantifi cation technology, monitoring framework, etc., and further constructs a multi-functional PAM comprehensive evaluation framework covering “individual-population-community” multi-level, integrated acoustic activities, species identifi cation, soundscape characteristics and management evaluation. The results show that: (1) PAM technology is promoting the transformation of bird monitoring from a single species to a community and ecosystem scale. (2) The existing international framework needs to be localized in combination with specifi c scenarios, such as zoning control of protected areas and ecological restoration eff ectiveness evaluation in our country. (3) It is recommended to establish a national unifi ed equipment parameter standard, data collection specifi cation, and sharing mechanism to provide systematic technical support for ecological red line supervision, evaluation of the eff ectiveness of protected areas, and protection of soundscape heritage. This paper aims to provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for formulating passive acoustic monitoring guidelines for birds in nature reserves in our country.