With the rapid advancement of soundscape research, related fi ndings have accumulated in the areas of perception evaluation and design applications. However, studies focusing on the relationship between “spatial structure and soundscape” remain relatively limited. Based on CNKI and Web of Science search results, combined with bibliometric and LDA thematic analyses, this paper fi nds that as research narrows from “space” to “spatial structure”, the number of publications decreases signifi cantly. The thematic orientation also shifts from perception evaluation toward Ecoacoustics, biodiversity, and coupling mechanisms with spatial structure. A systematic review of accessible full-text core literature summarizes primary approaches to characterizing spatial structure, including macro-scale landscape patterns, meso- to micro-scale site composition, vertical three-dimensional features, and physical interface characteristics, and identifi es common data sources and analytical methods. Based on comprehensive evidence, this paper proposes a progressive explanatory logic: spatial structure fi rst infl uences biological communities and acoustic sources through “habitat shaping”, then alters sound propagation and audibility via “physical regulation”, and ultimately aff ects individuals’ understanding, emotional responses, and overall evaluation of soundscapes through “perceptual shaping.” This study aims to address gaps in spatial structure research by providing a clearer review framework for soundscape studies that span ecological processes and perceptual experiences. It also off ers reference points for synergistic applications in urban planning, green space management, and ecological monitoring.