This study concentrates on the holistic understanding and cultural formation mechanisms of the Shanxi River landscape under the context of the “Poetry Road Cultural Belt”. Based on local gazetteers, it develops a three-dimensional analytical model of “historical text - geographical space - cultural construction”, facilitating the spatial integration and classification of landscape information derived from multiple historical sources. Employing ArcGIS, the study utilizes spatial analysis techniques such as kernel density estimation, nearest neighbor index, and standard deviation ellipse to delineate the overall pattern of concentrated landscapes in the central region and their extended distribution on either sides. The findings indicate that various landscape types constitute a multi-layered cultural system interconnected by water, exhibiting spatial variations characterized by “stream-following and mountain-pointing”. From a cultural construction perspective, the study further explores how settlement development, religious belief, historical figures, and reclusive traditions are embedded in landscape patterns, aiming to provide theoretical support for the systematic protection and living inheritance of the Shanxi River landscape heritage.