To evaluate the eutrophication status of water bodies in small urban parks, this study established a comprehensive evaluationsystem comprising 15 representative indicators, including physicochemical parameters, optical response variables, and nutrient-related factors, An empirical analysis was conducted on 25 urban park water bodies in Shanghai The single-factor indexmethod was employed to identify primary limiting factors, the trophic level index (TLI) was used to determine nutrient statusand principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to extract key pollution structures and calculate composite scores. Theresults indicate that the proposed indicator system demonstrates good applicability in the routine assessment of small urbanwater bodies. Most water bodies were found to be in mesotrophic to mildly eutrophic states, with community parks showing thegreatest variability. Total nitrogen (TN) emerged as the primary limiting factor. The consistency between TLI and PC'A resultsfurther confirms the system's scientifc validity and diagnostic capability. The findings ofer a scientific basis for classifying eu-trophication levels in small urban water bodies and developing targeted management and restoration strategies.