With the proposal of the “dual carbon” goal, the integration of carbon towns has entered an unprecedented opportunity period, and the construction and optimization of low-carbon villages have become necessary measures to promote the construction of agricultural ecological civilization. This article reviews the research and development process of China’s low-carbon rural planning and construction over the past decade through CiteSpace, analyzes its content and direction, and proposes future development suggestions based on cutting-edge theories and technologies. The conclusions are as follows: (1) In the vertical time dimension, relevant literature publications have prominent stage characteristics; nowadays, it is still in a period of upward development, and are concentrated in economically developed areas, mainly in the Yangtze River Delta in the horizontal distribution; (2) Early research focused on low-carbon rural infrastructure construction, which can currently be divided into four aspects - relevant data accounting, carbon emission impact analysis, planning and design strategies, application of evaluation systems; (3) The basic theoretical framework of this field has been formed and has specific practical experience, but in the future, more attention should be paid to the low-carbon construction process in underdeveloped rural areas, innovative clean energy application technologies, comprehensive evaluation standards, and content, and emphasis should be placed on the exchange and integration of relevant disciplines.