This study focuses on the core value of ecological aesthetic education in constructing community public spaces. Addressing the current situation where the integration of ecological aesthetic education and the lack of a systematic practical framework is commonly overlooked in the renewal of community public spaces amidst urbanization, it innovatively constructs a theoretical framework encompassing three ecological aesthetic education types: perceptual, cognitive, and practical. In the community public spaces of Jiuyuan District, Baotou City, ecological aesthetic education is integrated into every aspect of community micro-renewal, with specific applications tailored to different space types. The research reveals that ecological, aesthetic education significantly enhances residents’ perception and cognitive abilities toward natural beauty, promotes positive interactions among residents, and strengthens community cohesion. Based on these findings, this study provides theoretical and practical support for integrating community public space micro-renewal and ecological aesthetic education, enriching the theoretical system of ecological aesthetic education. The research outcomes hold significant importance for promoting sustainable community development and offer far-reaching reference value for effectively integrating ecological aesthetic education into the planning and construction of future community public spaces.