Green infrastructure is of great significance in supporting and safeguarding respiratory health. Scientific knowledge of the correlation between green infrastructure and respiratory health, as well as its influence pathways, can effectively promote both theoretical research on the health benefits of green spaces and the practice of building healthy living environments. This paper summarized the research on green infrastructure related to respiratory health, using the Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure as data sources. The results showed that the multidimensional characteristics of green infrastructure were significantly associated with respiratory health, but there was variability in the conclusions of the existing studies. The multiple pathways of green infrastructure affecting respiratory health are coupled and intertwined, with air quality and physical activity as essential mediators. The current study is limited in focusing on unidimensional green space indicators, isolated green space, a single impact pathway, and emphasizing theoretical descriptions. Future studies need to improve the multidimensional measurement of green infrastructure and pay more attention to the construction mode of green infrastructure and its health impact mechanism under the coupling of risk exposure and physical activity promotion.