River islands in the Chongqing section of the Yangtze River are a high ecological location node in the watershed ecosystem. However, the current static protection model ignores the new needs of multiple entities for the integrated development of island ecology, socio-economic and cultural aspects, resulting in a prominent contradiction between people and land on the river island. Therefore, it is particularly important to coordinate the supply and demand relationship of island ecosystem services to promote the sustainable development of the river island ecosystem in the Chongqing section of the Yangtze River and the construction of ecological civilization in the watershed land space. Based on a field survey of the supply and demand of ecosystem services in 14 river islands along the Chongqing section of the Yangtze River, this study interprets the interaction between supply and demand of ecosystem services, constructs a spatial coupling framework for the supply and demand of ecosystem services in river islands, and points out that the comprehensive management of natural space and multiple stakeholders is the key to promoting the coordinated development of “society ecology” in river islands. On this basis, the main reasons for the current contradiction between supply and demand of ecological services in river islands were identified from three levels: supporting and regulating service degradation, insufficient utilization of supply and cultural service value, and insufficient improvement of comprehensive efficiency of supply and demand coordination. Finally, three major strategies were summarized: island ecological control, system element allocation, and multi-subject co governance, in order to provide systematic theoretical and practical references for the ecological management of more similar river islands.