Yanshan Garden is the first famous garden in the late Ming Dynasty, and its garden space construction has the characteristics of modularization and grouping. In this paper, the image units in Wang Shizhen’s Yanshan Gardening Literature are extracted and the spatial units are translated graphically to show the specific spatial characteristics and artistic conception of each image unit more clearly. Secondly, by using the research method of “dissociation-reconstruction”, the garden system of “image unit, space unit, space group” is constructed, and then the structural relationship and space construction of the image unit in Yanshan Garden are studied. This study is of great significance for the inheritance and reference of Ming Dynasty gardens and contemporary landscape design, and also provides a new idea for the study of classical garden space.