Special categorized plant gardens are the core construction units in the botanical garden, which undertake the important mission of plant ex-situ conservation and biodiversity protection. With the rapid urbanization process, specified plant gardens play an incomparable role in biodiversity conservation. Specialized gardens are categorized into different types based on their exhibition purposes. The planning and design of specified plant gardens should enhance the capacity and level of biodiversity conservation to a higher level in the context of the national botanical garden system. It is necessary to plan the specified plant garden scientifically and configure plants reasonably in it so as to achieve the sustainable operation of the specified plant garden. The article summarizes the functions and types of specified plant gardens and analyzes their impact on biodiversity conservation and utilization, as well as the construction difficulties faced from the perspective of front-line workers. The article also discussed the construction principles of modern specified plant gardens. Finally, Some practical suggestions were put forward for the construction and development of specified plant gardens from the aspects of theme, plant planting and configuration, landscape design, popular science exhibition, and scientific research.