The research on urban outdoor microclimate is of great significance in improving the comfort of human settlements and ecological energy conservation and has become a research hotspot in recent years. Based on bibliometric statistics and content analysis, combined with CiteSpaceⅢ software, this paper makes a bibliometric analysis of the microclimate research literature in the field of urban outdoor environment in China. It can be seen that the research topics of urban microclimate focus on numerical simulation, climate adaptability, comfort, and other aspects, combing the literature source overview, research history, spatial overview, research hotspots, and other contents for further analysis. Based on the literature review, according to the spatial types of the research object in the city, it is divided into six types: urban park, urban square, pedestrian street, residential space, university campus, and classical garden to analyze the similarities and differences and trends of the research content. Combining the characteristics and deficiencies of current research, this article puts forward three suggestions for improving public cognition and behavior research with human beings at the core, expanding the scope of research from a multi-scale perspective, and promoting the development of rural microclimate with the concept of rural revitalization.