Under the new requirements of Chinese modernization, urban-rural integration development with the goal of “carbon balance and carbon cycle” has become an important exploration to realize high-quality urban-rural integration and promote the realization of China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goal. Based on the theoretical analysis of the relationship between urban-rural integration and “carbon balance and carbon cycle”, this paper analyzes typical cases of urban-rural integration in foreign countries. And three models of integrated urban-rural development under “carbon balance and carbon cycle” are summarized, including the intensive layout model of low-carbon units applicable to urbanized areas, the production-waste cycle model of cleanliness and high efficiency applicable to the main production areas of agricultural products, and the ecological enhancement model of synergy between blue and green spaces applicable to ecological functional areas, to provide reference for China’s integrated urban-rural development and practical exploration under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goal.