At present, the main treatment method for food waste in China is anaerobic fermentation. After fermentation, most of the nutrient elements contained in the organic compounds remain in the fermented biogas residue. After dehydration and drying, the anaerobic fermentation biogas residue of food waste (biogas residue) is rich in nutrients and has good physical properties, which can be used to prepare culture substrate to enhance its resource reuse value. Mix biogas residue and peat according to different proportions. After the cultivation substrate is fully mixed and stabilized, determine the germination index, nutrient content, pH and EC of the cultivation substrate. It is proposed to determine the optimal addition proportion of biogas residue based on the germination index. The results showed that the addition of biogas residue had an obvious hormesis effect on the germination index. According to the Log logistic model, the toxicity threshold EC20 of biogas residue was predicted to be 26.7%. The addition of biogas residue can effectively increase the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium content of the cultivation substrate. When the proportion of biogas residue added is 26.7%, the total nitrogen increment of the cultivation substrate is 1.67%, the total phosphorus increment is 3.92%, and the total potassium increment is 0.81%. The addition of biogas residue can significantly increase the pH and EC of the cultivation substrate, which is shown by the rapid increase in low proportion, and then the increase rate becomes slower. When the proportion of biogas residue was 26.7%, the pH increment of the cultivation substrate was 1.83, and the EC increment was 3.46 mS/cm. This study analyzed the applicability of biogas residue as a raw material for cultivation and provided a reasonable research and development idea for the direct utilization of biogas residue.