Colour is the direct visual expression of garden characteristics, and colour planning and design is an innovative attempt at garden expo planning and design. Through the analysis of the methods of the colour planning and design of the 13th China (Xuzhou) International Garden Expo, the feasible implementation path of the colour planning and design of the garden expo based on traditional Chinese colour and natural colour is formed, and the aesthetic value and development direction of the colour planning and design of the garden expo are discussed. The colour planning of Xuzhou garden expo extracts a new colour system from Chinese colour, combines modern colour theory and methods, extracts the colour gene sequence of each region of Xuzhou garden expo, controls and guides the colour direction of each region, and strengthens the design atmosphere and spatial character of each themed zone of the Garden Expo Park. Combined with the theme and festival characteristics of the garden expo , the paper expounds the key points of colour application of the four main materials: road pavement, garden plants, architectural sketches, and nightscape lighting, and emphatically introduces the colour planning and application of the slow-moving road materials, which is also the first practice in the planning and design of the garden expo.