In this study, 110 temple gardens in Gansu Province were studied from four aspects: distribution type, concentration degree, equilibrium degree, and distribution density by using investigation, literature review, and ArcGIS spatial analysis, and the influencing factors of spatial distribution were discussed and analyzed. The results show that the spatial distribution of temple gardens in Gansu Province is condensed. Overall, it has the characteristics of centralized distribution with more east, less west, dense east, and sparse west. The distribution of temple gardens in Gansu Province needs to balance in various cities (states). Nearly 55% of the temple gardens are distributed in Lanzhou City (15.5%), Tianshui City (16.4%), Wuwei City (10.9%), and Pingliang City (11.8%) forming a highly dense distribution area of temple gardens, which distributed in flakes. Due to the different altitude ranges, 69.09% of the temple gardens are distributed in the altitude range of 1.2～2 km, while the Tibetan Buddhist temple gardens are distributed above 2 km. Due to the influence of terrain factors, 65% of the temple gardens are distributed in flat areas with a slope of 0～5°. The temple gardens in Gansu Province have primarily distributed 0.5 km from the road, and the distribution of temple gardens in this range reaches 57%. Relatively flat terrain, convenient transportation, the distribution of adjacent water systems, the increase in population, the growth of GDP, and the influence of different historical factors all provide necessary conditions for the distribution of temple garden space in Gansu Province, which is the main reason affecting the spatial distribution.