There is a potential association between green space and public health. Based on the CNKI and Web of Science core databases, we investigated the primary studies on green space exposure for respiratory infectious diseases based on the existing literature on respiratory infectious diseases and green space exposure. The results showed that: (1) Most studies showed a negative correlation between green space exposure and the prevalence of respiratory infectious diseases, but some showed a positive or no correlation. (2) The pathways of green space for preventing and controlling respiratory infectious diseases are reflected in the positive aspects of reducing harmful human exposure in the environment and guiding healthy epidemic prevention behaviors and the negative aspects of promoting population exposure to accelerate the spread of diseases. (3) Domestic and foreign scholars, the optimization strategies related to green space mainly proposed four aspects: environmental justice, policy management, design application, and discipline development. Finally, research outlooks are proposed for the controversies and difficulties of current research, aiming to provide a basis and guidance for research in landscape architecture, public health, and other fields.