The perception characteristics of natural birdsong in high-density built environments are closely related to the construction characteristics, bird activities, and residents’ perceptions. They are the key to measuring the quality of urban space, the aspects of environmental suitability, and ecological sustainability. The study builds a natural and artificial impact factor evaluation system that affects birdsong perception by analyzing the influencing factors of birdsong perception in a high-density built environment. Taking the high-density construction space in the Nan’an District of Chongqing as the research object, the study compares and analyzes the relationship between urban vitality characteristics and urban residents’ birdsong perception status and intended needs. Aiming green park space, protective green space, square green space, and affiliated green space are four kinds of green spaces carrying bird activities. The correlation characteristics between natural and artificial influencing factors and the current situation of bird song perception are analyzed. We found that birdsong perception in the high-density built environment presents a complex interaction of “Listener- Environment- Perception.” Location, external environment, and internal ecological characteristics impact birdsong perception. The better the environmental characteristics are, the stronger the birdsong perception is. The higher the human interference is, the higher the demand for birdsong perception is, but the perception is weak. Given the residents’ birdsong perception needs and the current situation of construction and development, it is proposed to reasonably control and guide the structure of the high-density built environment from the two aspects of improving the quality of the ecological base and reducing human interference and form an optimized improvement path of “Increase quantity - Connecting corridor - Connect the ecological source” “Quality improvement - Optimize vegetation - Co-construction” “Reduce interference - Reduce noise - Enhance perception”.