In the context of carbon neutrality, how to effectively promote emission reduction and sink enhancement in urban space poses a complex challenge to the spatial planning of urban green space. Under the dual perspective of value rationality and instrumental rationality, this study compares 30 relevant planning actions in 11 countries around the world and focuses on the international experience of adaptive planning of urban green space, including the transformation towards multi-benefit synergy, multi-level transmission, and full-cycle coverage. The study further combines international experience with the current situation of China’s territorial spatial planning and constructs a general technical framework of “target-strategy-indicator” for adaptive urban green space planning in the context of carbon neutrality. In the face of the four levels of urban green space control: municipal administrative area -urban area-community-plot, the study proposes to differentiate the carbon neutral targets, specify the corresponding multi-scale precise efficiency planning strategies and multi-level assessment and control indicators, and actively promotes the application of three key technical systems: quantitative “carbon” accounting, multi-scenario “carbon” simulation and intelligent “carbon” monitoring, so as to provide professional support for the exploration of the adaptive transformation of urban green space planning practices.