The rapid development of urbanization has brought a series of problems to the construction of landscaping. Soil quality has become one of the key factors restricting the sustainable development of urban landscaping. However, the research on the soil quality evaluation index system for urban landscaping is still in its infancy, especially the soil biological index. Based on the concepts of soil quality, the construction basis of the soil quality indicator system of urban landscape was discussed in this study. In our opinion, indicators of soil fertility quality, environmental quality, and health quality should be included in the indicator system. Then, a set of soil quality indicator systems suitable for urban landscapes was established, including 24 indicators in total. This study would provide an important reference for the objective and accurate evaluation of the landscape soil quality, provide the theoretical basis for soil conservation, management, and sustainable use of urban landscape, and provide important method guidance for the monitoring of landscape soil and related research in China.