Linqing ancient city in the Ming and Qing dynasties had a developed water network and prosperous water transport. It was the main artery of political, economic and cultural exchanges between the South and the North. Taking Linqing, an important canal city, as the research object, this paper discussed the characteristics of its water conservancy construction and water conservancy landscape construction. First of all, it sorted out the regional water environment changes, water conservancy construction activities, and the development process of Linqing ancient city in the three stages of the canal’s prosperity, the canal’s prosperity, and the canal decline. On this basis, the characteristics of the water conservancy engineering system composed of the main body of the river channel and the system to regulate storage were sorted out. The water conservancy operation mechanism of damming and water distribution, and dynamic storage was summarized. The water conservancy landscape composite space sorted out the characteristics of the landscape system of Linqing under the influence of the regional water environment, mainly containing five aspects, namely due to the water rejuvenation city, the juxtaposition of the city form of the two cities, the establishment of the city, the spatial pattern of commercial and residential expansion, the water diversion of the mountains, the landscape style along the canal scenery, the landscape as the bottom, ten sceneries of Linqing of the cultural point dyeing and the Han-hui blending, the secular space to protect the canal, and the characteristics of the Linqing water conservancy-landscape composite space landscape system under the influence of the regional water environment, water conservancy construction, commercial and trade development and political and economic background, it can provide a certain theoretical support for the protection of Linqing canal, heritage protection and urban renewal.