Low-carbon rural construction has played an important role in reducing urban carbon emissions and realizing the national carbon peak and carbon neutral strategy. The ecological space represented by Shanghai typical villages has important supporting significance for Shanghai metropolis. The rich natural and artificial ecosystem services such as farmland, water system, and woodland in rural areas are important means to achieve carbon neutrality. The planning and design of low-carbon rural landscapes need to sort out the physical space of ecology, production, and life related to the carbon footprint of rural areas. The rural landscape has the characteristics of integrity. The planning and design of Shanghai’s typical rural landscape are closely related to works such as the construction of country parks, land consolidation, small watershed water environment treatment, biodiversity protection, and modern agricultural upgrading and transformation. Combining the characteristic composition of rural style with dense river network in the alluvial plain of Shanghai Yangtze River Delta, and the planning and design practice requirements of Shanghai’s typical villages, this article summarizes the five main landscape spatial types of Shanghai’s typical rural areas: “land, forest, water, road, and building”, which has built a typical rural ecological base in Shanghai and formed a symbiotic and integrated ecological countryside style. In general, the planning and design of low-carbon rural landscape must maintain local specific agricultural production methods and environmental texture, respect the local ecological pattern of mountains and rivers, and follow the ecological service capabilities of blue-green infrastructure. The study summarized the principles and methods of planning, design, materials, engineering, and other aspects of each element in landscape planning and design, and put forward low-carbon design strategies for each element. At the same time, it discussed the improvement path of rural carbon sink promotion standards and norms driven by digitization, summarized the technical means such as macro-UAV multispectral scanning and monitoring of various elements of micro-planning and design in the process of low-carbon rural landscape planning and construction, and provided digital low-carbon innovation strategies for planning and design of typical rural landscape in Shanghai.