In order to understand the impact of biogas residue from food waste on the storage characteristics of soil reservoirs in urban relocation sites, the soil of a typical relocation site in Shanghai was selected as the research object. The effects of adding different amounts of biogas residues on total storage capacity of soil reservoir, soil water existing volume, soil remaining water storage space, soil detention capacity were studied, and the correlation between soil reservoir capacity and soil physics was analyzed. The results showed that the total storage capacity and moisture quantity of the soil reservoir in the relocation area was improved significantly. With the increase of biogas residue added, the total storage capacity of the soil reservoir with 80% biogas residue was the best, and the soil moisture content of the added 60% biogas residue was the best. On the other hand, biogas residue reduced the soil remaining water storage space of the soil in the relocation area, of which 60% of biogas residue was the smallest. The effect of adding different amounts of biogas residue on soil detention reservoir capacity was not apparent, but it was best to add 40% biogas residue storage capacity. The physical properties of different soils affected different types of soil reservoirs. The soil total reservoir capacity was mainly affected by total porosity, capillary porosity, maximum water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity, field water holding capacity, and bulk density. The soil water existing volume was mainly affected by water content, bulk density, maximum water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity, and field water holding capacity. The soil remaining water storage space was mainly affected by the water content and infiltration rate, and the soil detention storage was affected primarily by the non-capillary porosity.