As the edge of the city, waterfront landscape is the most abundant area of urban natural resources and biological categories. It plays an important role in the creation of urban style and the protection of ecological environment. Therefore, ecological protection measures can better promote the harmonious development of landscape and environment. Taking the Lanzhou Yellow River customs line as the research object, through the combination of field survey and quadrat survey, this paper investigates and deeply analyzes types of waterfront landscape, explores the existing problems, and puts forward the landscape optimization measures and ecological restoration strategies from the perspective of waterfront landscape ecological development. The purpose is to solve the problems existing in the waterfront landscape construction of Lanzhou Yellow River style line, provide important ecological protection support for the development of urban waterfront landscape, and explore the harmonious road of modern waterfront ecological landscape.