中华蜜蜂对四种园艺花卉的访花行为研究
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郭江莉1984年生/女/山东青岛人/上海植物园工程师/从事生物多样性研究与科普教育(上海200231)

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郭江莉E-mail:guojiangli@shbg.org

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上海市绿化和市容管理局2018年科学技术项目“城市生态系统对访花昆虫多样性影响的研究”(编号:G180303);上海市科学技术委员会科研计划项目“上海城市植物资源开发应用工程技术研究中心”(编号:18DZ2283500)


Study on Foraging Behavior of Chinese Honeybee to Four Horticultural Flower Species
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    摘要:

    中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana Fabricius,1973)是园林植物的主要访花昆虫,尤其是园艺花卉为访花昆虫提供了重要的食物来源。文章选取了4种常用灌草类园艺花卉种类:杜鹃(Rhododendron simsii)、天竺葵(Pelargonium hortorum)、角堇(Viola cornuta)、矮牵牛(Petunia hybrida),分别配以3种花卉色彩(白色、红色、紫色),施以不同游客访问频率(0次/min、1次/min、5次/min和10次/min),研究花卉种类和色彩以及人为干扰对中华蜜蜂访花行为的影响,探讨中华蜜蜂访花行为的影响因素,从而筛选出有效的蜜源园艺花卉。结果显示中华蜜蜂的访花时间、访花间隔时间、单位时间的访花蜂量和访花频率等访花行为受花卉种类影响显著(p<0.05),而受花卉颜色影响不显著(p>0.05)。此外,正常游客量并不会对中华蜜蜂访花行为产生显著影响(p>0.05)。4类花卉种类中,杜鹃花和矮牵牛花冠大且筒深,粉蜜量丰富,是中华蜜蜂的首选优质蜜源植物,可为后期生物保护和园艺植物配置提供参考。

    Abstract:

    Chinese honeybee (Apis cerana Fabricius, 1793) is the main flower-visiting insect of garden plants. Especially horticultural flowers provide an essential food source for flower-visiting insects. This paper selected four horticultural flower species such as Rhododendron simsii, Pelargonium hortorum, Viola cornuta, Petunia hybrida, with three flower colors (white, red, purple) and different visiting frequency of visitors (0 time/min, one time/min, five times/min, ten times/min), and observed the influences of flower species and colors and human disturbance on Chinese honeybees’ visiting behaviors to explore the main factors that affect the visiting behaviors of Chinese honeybees and screen effective honey horticultural flowers. The results showed that flower-visiting behaviors of Chinese honeybees, including flower-visiting time, flower-visiting interval, the number, and frequency of visiting bees per unit time were influenced significantly by flower species (p<0.05), but not by flower colors (p>0.05). There was no significant influence of the average tourist volume on Chinese honeybees' flower-visiting behavior (p>0.05). Among four flower species, Rhododendron simsii and Petunia hybrida with the broad and deep corolla tube and abundant pollen and nectar are the prior and superior honey plants for Chinese honeybee, which could provide a reference to biological protection and horticultural plant configuration.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2020-12-16
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