Vegetation coverage can well reflect vegetation’s growth status in an area and is an important indicator to measure the growth characteristics of ground vegetation. Based on the Sentinel-2 remote sensing data of Fengxian District, Shanghai from 2017 to 2020, this paper used a normalized vegetation index (NDVI) and the binary pixel model to estimate the vegetation coverage area. Moreover, it analyzed the changes in vegetation coverage and the corresponding landscape pattern index. The results showed that the vegetation coverage of Fengxian District had changed significantly from 2017 to 2020. The low-grade vegetation coverage area increased, while the size of high-level vegetation coverage decreased, and the vegetation coverage generally showed a decreasing trend.