As an essential part of Chinese traditional culture, bonsai and gardens are not only related to each other but also different from each other. They are interdependent, affect each other, and grow together in the development process. In the spatial dimension, both artistically reproduce the natural landscape and express a similar artistic conception; from the perspective of art itself, they have the same culture and close relationship. Each has become an important historical and cultural heritage. Based on sorting out the history of ancient Chinese gardens and the development of bonsai culture, this article compares bonsai and garden art in terms of constituent elements, cultural connotations, artistic techniques, purpose functions, etc. With a view to better under the background of inheriting Chinese excellent traditional culture, a local understanding of Chinese bonsai art and traditional gardening techniques provides a basis and reference for protecting cultural heritage. It provides theoretical support for the promotion of mutual connection between the two.