Afforestation under challenging urban sites is an urgent problem in urban development in China in recent years. This paper summarizes the occurrence status and differences of plant diseases and insect pests under challenging urban sites comparing with the general greenbelt. The methods and strategies of management for plant diseases and pests under challenging urban sites emphasized. Combining with the development of new pest-control technology and all-purpose-soil application, it prospected that the prevention and control technology of plant diseases and pests.