The regional ecological network serves as the foundation for ecological security protection, and the identification and effective diagnosis of key ecological restoration areas are crucial for managing and restoring ecosystems. Taking the Western Liaoning Corridor as an example, this study integrates ecosystem service functions, the importance of ecological environment quality, and landscape connectivity analysis to identify ecological networks and key ecological restoration areas, establish a sound ecological security pattern, and propose regional ecological governance and optimization strategies. The results indicate that: (1) The spatial distribution of the ecological environment in the Western Liaoning Corridor varies significantly, being better in the west and worse in the east and north; (2) 66 ecological sources, 111 optimal ecological corridors, 11 ecological pinpoints, 13 ecological obstacles, and 8 ecological fracture zones were identified, forming an ecological security pattern of “three rings, five regions, two branches, seven branches, one screen, and multiple points”; (3) The key areas for ecological restoration include source areas, corridors, pinches, and obstacle points. Based on spatial distribution characteristics, they are categorized into ecological protection areas, ecological restoration areas, ecological control areas, and ecological development areas, with corresponding optimization strategies proposed to address relevant ecological issues. The research results can serve as a reference for ecological security protection in Western Liaoning and assist in high-quality ecological development.