Modern mining activities have profoundly changed the relationship between human beings and land, and become a unique cultural landscape different from the traditional agricultural production background. Under the background of the transformation of the resource-based city of Taiyuan, this paper studies the systematic cognition and protection strategy of the modern cultural landscape in Xishan Coal Mine in Taiyuan by using the theory of “Anchor - Layering”. It is found that the cultural landscape with mining sites as the core is a complex system of continuous interaction between man and land, continuous stacking and dynamic evolution, and closely related to mining culture. The cultural landscape development of Taiyuan Xishan Coal Mine includes three stages: traditional mining, rapid growth, restoration, and transformation. According to the cultural motivation, the cultural landscape of mining cut land can be divided into five types: industrial facilities and sites, railway traffic, settlement life, military history, ecological disturbance and restoration, and protection and development suggestions for each type. The research relates different periods and types of mining cultural landscapes. It establishes the recognition and protection of the Xishan Coal Mine cultural landscape system with the vision of dynamic development. It can reference other modern mining areas to formulate scientific protection and development strategies.