The safety of urban park landscape space is a critical concern in landscape design, construction, and management. The park waterfront space is one of the places where tourists are most likely to gather, and it is also a place in the park prone to safety pitfalls. Xuanwu Lake Park in Nanjing was selected as the research object, and firstly, it was divided into 11 subcategories according to the characteristics of the waterfront space zone. It was clustered into four major categories according to the human-water relationship. Based on the six elements of CPTED, combined with the characteristic factors of waterfront space, the expert scoring method and AHP hierarchical analysis method are used to establish a comprehensive evaluation system for waterfront space safety. Based on this system, the safety evaluation of 226 subsections of waterfront space in Xuanwu Lake Park was carried out. The study shows that, according to the classification of spatial characteristics, the waterfront space types with higher security scores in Xuanwu Lake Park are pier type, picket type, and green space + trail type; the waterfront space types with lower security scores are wooden stack type, large structure type, and bridge type. Compared with the more mature part of the safety construction, the evaluation scores of the four types of factors in Xuanwu Lake Park, namely, security management, safety publicity, active activities, and waterfront space boundary, are lower than those of the other four, indicating that there is still room and need for improvement. When establishing a waterfront space safety evaluation system, it is meaningful and necessary to consider factors with waterfront space characteristics. Based on the waterfront space characteristics of different city parks, the safety influencing factors to be enhanced should have different focuses under different human-water relationship classifications.